ترجمه مقاله انگلیسی ژئوتکستایل Geotextile

Geotextile

Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms: woven (looks like mail bag sacking), needle punched (looks like felt), or heat bonded (looks like ironed felt).

Geotextile composites have been introduced and products such as geogrids and meshes have been developed. Overall, these materials are referred to as geosynthetics and each configuration—-geonets, geogrids and others—-can yield benefits in geotechnical and environmental engineering design.

Applications

Geotextiles and related products have many applications and currently support many civil engineering applications including roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection, coastal engineering and construction site silt fences. Usually geotextiles are placed at the tension surface to strengthen the soil. Geotextiles are also used for sand dune armoring to protect upland coastal property from storm surge, wave action and flooding. A large sand-filled container (SFC) within the dune system prevents storm erosion from proceeding beyond the SFC. Using a sloped unit rather than a single tube eliminates damaging scour.

Erosion control manuals comment on the effectiveness of sloped, stepped shapes in mitigating shoreline erosion damage from storms. Geotextile sand-filled units provide a “soft” armoring solution for upland property protection. Geotextiles are used as matting to stabilize flow in stream channels and swales.

Geotextiles can improve soil strength at a lower cost than conventional soil nailing. In addition, geotextiles allow planting on steep slopes, further securing the slope.

Geotextiles have been used to protect the fossil hominid footprints of Laetoli in Tanzania from erosion, rain, and tree roots.

In building demolition, geotextile fabrics in combination with steel wire fencing can contain explosive debris.

Coir (coconut fiber) geotextiles are a popular solution for erosion control, slope stabilization and bioengineering, due to the fabric’s substantial mechanical strength. Coir geotextiles last approximately 3 to 5 years depending on the fabric weight. The product degrades into humus, enriching the soil.

Design considerations

To use geotextiles to reinforce a steep slope, two components have to be calculated:

the tension required for equilibrium

the appropriate layout of the geotextile reinforcement.

Geomembrane Liner

Waste Water Treatment

One popular method of treating waste water involves storing it in evaporation ponds or storage ponds. As with other lining containment applications, the engineering objective is to eliminate any seepage outside the ponds. Geomembrane liner has accomplished this objective for the last 30 years.

We have the latest factory fabrication and field installation technology to insure a first quality project. PVC has been the dominant polymer in this market due to its ease of installation, market performance and cost effectiveness.

Tank Linings

Geomembrane liner is an effective containment membrane used in tanks to hold a wide variety of liquid – water, wastewater, treated sludge, fuels, gasoline, etc.

We can manufacture drop-in tank linings for smaller projects to eliminate any installation costs. We fabricate a wide variety of polymers in order to be able to select the right material for your project.

Sewage Lagoons

Many municipalities or industrial facilities rely on aeration to treat, reduce or eliminate sewage. This aeration will typically take place in a single or a system of ponds.

Geomembrane liner provides the containment to protect the soil and groundwater beneath these ponds. Polypropylene is an emerging material used in this application due to its long term service life and excellent physical properties.

A Geomembrane liner made from polypropylene provides the following advantages:

Formulated to provide 20 year service life as an exposed membrane.

Excellent tensile/tear strength properties provide strength required in steep ponds of 3:1 slope angle or steeper.

Easy to field seam and replace; No specialized equipment necessary.

Not subject to environmental stress cracking as are some HDPE linings.

Excellent chemical resistance.

Secondary Containment

Impermeable plastic geomembrane liner has been used in many applications for prevention of seepage, which results in pollution. They are now being used under oil storage tanks and in diked oil storage areas.

Many states require that provisions be made for containment of oils and hydrocarbons if the containing vessel should rupture. Plastic geomembrane liner placed under above-ground tanks or lining diked storage areas provide this safety feature.

We can design, fabricate and install a containment system to provide containment if needed while exceeding regulatory requirements.

Whether your project involves fuel, gas or any other hydrocarbons. We can choose the best material for your project as we work with many different Polymeric materials.

Reservoirs

Potable water reservoirs are a crucial element in the treatment system of many municipalities throughout the world. Many older reservoirs are built with concrete or asphalt bottoms which have leaked significant volumes of water costing millions of dollars.

We have provided a solution to this problem for over 30 years. No matter how small or large, easy or complex, we can install a lining for your reservoir.

Golf Course Ponds

Geomembrane liners offer design versatility, easily adapting to the contours and shapes of your ponds. They prevent water and fertilizer run-off from seeping into the ground. Flexible materials install easily and quickly. And, once installed, they’re virtually maintenance-free.

 When it’s time to beautify an add challenge to your course, the solution is often “just add water”.

ترجمه مقاله انگلیسی ژئوتکستایل Geotextile

Aquaculture Ponds

Today’s sophisticated fish farming procedures demand a more manageable, controlled environment that can be achieved by an unpredictable mud-bottom pond. As fish hatcheries respond to the increased demand for edible fish, synthetic geomembrane liners are being used for ponds to provide better control, increased production and decreased maintenance. With the pond bottom not covered with soil, the pond operator can control the chemical and biological condition of the pond, and thus reduce chances of disease and other imbalance in the aquaculture environment.

In addition, synthetic geomembrane liners reduce or eliminate grass mowing on the side slopes of the pond, stabilize soil moisture content caused by fluctuating water levels, and reduce shrink/swell soil instability problems caused by too wet or to dry soil.

Canals

PVC linings have been used in North America to contain water in transport canals since the early 1950’s. Initially 10 mil PVC was used for all of the early projects but was later replaced by 20 mil PVC due to the cost effectiveness of the material.

PVC is is the material of choice for this application due to the following factors:

Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.

PVC is provided in large factory fabricated panels to reduce field seaming requirements.

PVC is easy to weld in the field.

PVC is easy to deploy in the field.

PVC provides long term service life as a containment membrane.

PVC is a very cost effective material in regards to overall material cost – resin, sheet, fabricated panel and installation.

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (under the Department of the Interior) and the Province of Alberta have successfully installed millions of square feet of PVC in their canal systems.

Leakage loss of this water has been eliminated through the use of PVC linings allowing water to be transported to population areas that do not have adequate water sources of their own. If you live in these areas, PVC has been a critical factor in your lifestyle.

بخشی ترجمه مقاله انگلیسی ژئوتکستایل Geotextile

ژئوتکستایل ها پارچه های رطوبت پذیر یا نشت پذیری هستند که، هنگامی که همراه با خاک استفاده می شوند، از این توانایی خود برای فیلتر و جداکردن، تقویت و مسلح سازی، محافظت، تخلیه و یا زهکشی استفاده می کنند. معمولا از پلی پروپیلن یا پلی استر ساخته می شوند. پارچه های ژئوتکستایل در سه نوع اصلی وجود دارند: بافته شده (شبیه کیسه گونی)، سوزن سوزنی شده یا سوراخ سوزنی (به وسیله شکل دهی مکانیکی)، و شکل داده شده  به وسیله حرارت.